Sigma is the Greek letter which
represents a statistical unit of
measurement that defines the standard
deviation of a population. It measures
the variability or spread of the data. It is
a name given to indicate how much of
the data falls within the customers’
unique requirements. The higher the
process sigma, the more of the process
outputs, products and services, meet
customers’ requirements - or, the fewer
the defects.
What is Six Sigma?
Six Sigma originated as a set of practices designed to improve manufacturing
processes and eliminate defects, but its application was subsequently extended to
other types of business processes as well.
In Six Sigma, a defect is defined as any process output that does not meet customer
specifications, or that could lead to creating an output that does not meet customer
specifications Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by
identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability
in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality management
methods including statistics and creates a special infrastructure of people within
the organization who will become experts in these methods.